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Dr.
Joachim Fischer
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"Philosophical Anthropology", which will be reconstructed historically and systematically in this project, does not concern common "philosophical Anthropology" as a philosophical sub-discipline, but is a unique theory, which was developed in the twentieth century German philosophy. If one wants to elucidate the cognitive resources of the philosophical-anthropological thinking in the twentieth century it might make sense to go back to German philosophy of the 1920s, distinguishing two events in the philosophical discourse: 1. the development of "Philosophical Anthropology" in a strict sense, a theoretical program within the surrounding of Max Scheler, Helmuth Plessner, Arnold Gehlen et al., which competed with other approaches and paradigms (such as Neo-Kantianism, Philosophy of Existence, Critical Theory of Frankfurt School, Hermeneutical Philosophy, Naturalism, Life Philosophy), 2. the simultaneous constitution of a discipline called "philosophical Anthropology" in a broader sense, which claims, in a debate with other disciplines of philosophy (Epistemology, Ethics, Metaphysics, Philosophy of Language), a central status within sciences. The first step would be the reconstruction of the complex, partly venturesome history of this group of thinkers from 1919 until 1975, whose most well known figures were Max Scheler, Helmuth Plessner, Arnold Gehlen, Erich Rothacker, Adolf Portmann. A second focus is the specification of a core of identity of Philosophical Anthropology in the history of philosophy. Despite all the differences, the authors were concerned with the reconstitution of the true intuition of the idealist critique of reason within the medium of a correct discovery by the life-philosophical critique of reason. With the key concept "ex-centric positionality" the approach becomes lucid in contrast to other theoretical options such as German Idealism, Neo-Kantianism, Phenomenology, Hermeneutical Philosophy, Philosophy of Existence, naturalistic philosophy (above all the paradigm of evolutionary biology), Life Philosophy, Critical Theory of Frankfurt School, the language analytical approach, structuralism, and Systems Theory. In the third part of this project, the diagnostic force of this approach will be tested against current phenomena. From the ample ensemble of categories of Philosophical Anthropology productive links among bio-, social and cultural sciences will be provided. The philosophical-anthropological concept of the organic, in which the living "thing" is characterized by its own "boundary" or rather its capacity for boundary-constitution is thereby fundamental. Philosophische Anthropologie. Zur Bildungsgeschichte eines Denkansatzes, Diss. Göttingen 2000. Philosophische Anthropologie - Eine Denkrichtung des 20. Jahrhunderts, Freiburg / München 2008. Philosophische
Anthropologie. Zur Rekonstruktion ihrer diagnostischen Kraft, Exzentrische
Positionalität. Plessners Grundkategorie der Philosophischen Anthropologie,
L'approccio più influente della sociologia
tedesca nel secondo dopoguerra, Hg. (zus. m. Hans Joas), Kunst,
Macht und Institution. Studien zur Philosophischen Anthropologie,
soziologischen Theorie und Kultursoziologie der Moderne. Festschrift für
Karl-Siegbert Rehberg, Frankfurt a. M. 2003. Androiden - Menschen - Primaten. Philosophische
Anthropologie als Platzhalterin des Humanismus, Italienische Fassung: Androidi - uomini - antropoidi.
L'antropologia filosofica come detentrice dell'umanismo, Zur Sinneslehre von Helmuth Plessner, Simmels Exkurs über die Soziologie
der Sinne. Zentraltext einer anthropologischen Soziologie, Leben - das "grenzrealisierende Ding".
Philosophische Anthropologie als Doppelkorrektiv zwischen Genombiologie
und Biomachtdiskurs, Biophilosophie als Kern des Theorieprogramms
der Philosophischen Anthropologie. Zur Kritik des wissenschaftlichen Radikalismus,
Der Identitätskern der Philosophischen
Anthropologie (Scheler, Plessner, Gehlen), Philosophische Anthropologie. Ein wirkungsvoller
Denkansatz in der deutschen Soziologie nach 1945,
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